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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
A product that is no longer used is said to be
a.
obsolete.
b.
current.
c.
emerging.
d.
coexisting.
 

 2. 
A group of parts that work together is called a
a.
technology.
b.
system.
c.
process.
d.
feedback.
 

 3. 
The first step in designing a product is
a.
thinking about ways to solve the problem.
b.
deciding what needs you are trying to meet.
c.
building a prototype.
d.
fully researching the problem.
 

 4. 
Identifying the cause of any problems in a design is an example of
a.
troubleshooting.
b.
prototyping.
c.
patenting.
d.
brainstorming.
 

 5. 
A working model used to test a design is called a
a.
patent.
b.
prototype.
c.
trade-off.
d.
product.
 

 6. 
After a design has been tested successfully, what should engineers do to share information about the product?
a.
evaluate constraints
b.
communicate the solution
c.
build a prototype
d.
troubleshoot and redesign
 

 7. 
What do people have to do if they want to sell a patented invention?
a.
obtain the patent owner’s permission
b.
nothing; just go ahead and sell it
c.
obtain a document from the government
d.
become wealthy or famous
 

 8. 
One positive effect of pesticides is
a.
greater food production.
b.
creating more work for farmers.
c.
pesticides washing into streams.
d.
raising food prices.
 

 9. 
When engineers identify a need, they first
a.
clearly define the problem they are trying to solve.
b.
build a prototype and test it.
c.
apply for a patent.
d.
generate ideas.
 

 10. 
The metric system of measurement is based on the number
a.
1.
b.
10.
c.
12.
d.
100.
 

 11. 
The kilogram is the basic metric unit of
a.
length.
b.
mass.
c.
weight.
d.
volume.
 

 12. 
The amount of space an object takes up is its
a.
volume.
b.
density.
c.
mass.
d.
length.
 

 13. 
The SI unit of temperature is the
a.
metric degree.
b.
degree Fahrenheit.
c.
degree Celsius.
d.
kelvin.
 

 14. 
To convert from one measurement to another, you need a
a.
beaker.
b.
thermometer.
c.
conversion factor.
d.
metric ruler.
 

 15. 
The horizontal axis of a graph runs
a.
left to right.
b.
up and down.
c.
vertically.
d.
diagonally.
 

 16. 
What is the slope of the line connecting the points (10, 5) and (20, 25)?
a.
0.5
b.
1
c.
2
d.
4
 

 17. 
The slope of a graph tells you
a.
how much x changes for every change in y.
b.
how much y changes for every change in x.
c.
the ratio of the run to the rise.
d.
the ratio of the horizontal change to the vertical change.
 

 18. 
The most important lab safety rule is
a.
always wear a lab apron.
b.
always wear safety goggles.
c.
design and conduct your own experiments without asking your teacher.
d.
always follow your teacher’s instructions and textbook directions exactly.
 

 19. 
Trying to find the cause of a solar eclipse is an example of
a.
a prediction.
b.
drawing a conclusion.
c.
explaining observations.
d.
classification.
 

 20. 
In science, a hypothesis must be
a.
correct.
b.
manipulated.
c.
controlled.
d.
testable.
 

 21. 
During an experiment, the factors that must be controlled so that researchers can draw a logical conclusion from the experiment are called
a.
variables.
b.
operational definitions.
c.
inquiries.
d.
theories.
 

 22. 
In a scientific experiment, the responding variable can also be called the
a.
operational variable.
b.
manipulated variable.
c.
dependent variable.
d.
independent variable.
 

 23. 
An organized way to collect and record scientific observations is with a(n)
a.
model.
b.
inference.
c.
data table.
d.
operational definition.
 

 24. 
A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results is called a scientific
a.
inquiry.
b.
hypothesis.
c.
theory.
d.
law.
 

 25. 
What is the goal of technology?
a.
to develop faster trains
b.
to use an oven
c.
to study the natural world
d.
to improve the way people live
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 26. 
Technology changes the world to meet human ____________________.
 

 

 27. 
A virtual ____________________ of a product may be tested using computers.
 

 

 28. 
A patent is a legal document issued by a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 29. 
A group of people who live together in an area and have certain things in common make up a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 30. 
After troubleshooting problems with a product, engineers ____________________ it.
 

 

 31. 
Each unit in the SI system is ____________________ times larger than the next smallest unit.
 

 

 32. 
You should make sure you know the ____________________ and use of safety equipment in the lab.
 

 

 33. 
Scientific ____________________ refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather.
 

 

 34. 
Proposing an explanation for the changing colors of the sky is an example of a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 35. 
In a scientific experiment, the factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called the responding or ____________________ variable.
 

 

 36. 
By having ____________________, you will be able to identify good sources of scientific information, evaluate them for accuracy, and apply the knowledge to questions or problems in your life.
 

 

 37. 
Slope can also be described as the ____________________ of a graph line.
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
Use the table to answer each question.

Oven System
Goal
Bake a tray of chocolate chip cookies.
Inputs
Gas is turned on.
Temperature is set.
Tray of raw cookie dough is put in.
Processes
Burning gas causes the oven chamber to heat up.
Outputs
Heat is released.
Temperature reaches set level.
Cookies bake.
Feedback
Thermostat measures temperature.
If the temperature exceeds a certain level, the gas shuts off.
If the temperature falls below a certain level, the gas turns on.
 

 38. 
What process occurs in this system?
 

 39. 
What output is expected if the system works correctly?
 

 40. 
What feedback mechanism is missing from this system?
 

 41. 
What would happen if there were no feedback mechanism? How would this affect the goal?
 
 
Use the table to answer each question.

Risks and Benefits of Using Headphones
Benefit
Risk
Able to listen to your own music without disturbing others
Can damage hearing at high volumes
Can tune out loud noises and other distractions in environment
Can prevent you from hearing oncoming traffic, horns, and sirens
Can be carried easily
Can be easily lost
 

 42. 
Which risk of using headphones is not a safety risk?
 

 43. 
Will everyone make the same decision about whether to use headphones? Explain your answer.
 

 44. 
How will other people benefit when you use headphones?
 

 45. 
What is a risk to your ears of using headphones?
 
 
Use the graph to answer each question.

janet_files/i0510000.jpg
 

 46. 
On which axis is distance shown?
 

 47. 
What is the point where the x-axis and y-axis cross called?
 

 48. 
What is the steepness of the line called?
 

 49. 
What type of trend does this line show?
 

Essay
 

 50. 
What is a coexisting technology? Give at least one example.
 

 51. 
What are the positive and negative effects of using pesticides?
 

 52. 
What is SI? Why is it important for scientists to use SI?
 

 53. 
What is the difference between mass and weight? Which one would change if you were on the moon, and why?
 

 54. 
Identify the six major stages of the process of scientific inquiry and explain why the process is not a rigid sequence of steps.
 

 55. 
Using an example, explain how being able to understand scientific principles and think scientifically can help you solve problems and answer questions in your everyday life.
 



 
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